The pancreas no longer makes insulin and so the glucose cannot enter the muscle and other body cells, resulting in a rapid build up of glucose and ketones in the blood stream. The kidneys attempt to wash this excess glucose out of the body so there is an increase in urine produced, and the person becomes very thirsty.
If glucose cannot be used by the cells, the body breaks down fat as an alternative energy source. By-products of fat breakdown are chemical called ketones. If too many ketones accumulate in the blood stream they can cause serious illness, and is a medical emergency.
The onset of type 1 diabetes may be quite sudden and often the person has rapid and unplanned weight loss over several weeks. In adults it may appear more slowly.
How is type 1 diabetes treated?
Replacement of insulin via injections (usually several times a day), balanced with healthy eating and guided by regular monitoring of blood glucose levels.
Regular visits to the doctor and other health care professionals (diabetes nurse educator, dietitian and podiatrist) to assist the person with diabetes to manage their condition.
Type 1 Diabetes - Factsheet
